Concrete building and building panel



Sept. M, 1935. R. LEGGAT ET AL CONCRETE BUILDING AND BUILDING PANEL Filed Feb. 17, 1955 Patented Sept. 17, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CONCRETE BUILDING AND BUILDING PANEL Robert Leggat and Johannes Cornelis Pieter Leemhuis, Pretoria, Transvaal, Union of South Africa 13 Claims.

The present invention relates to buildings in which the Walls comprise concrete panels and vertical stanchions between the panels; and to panels suitable for use therein.

The object of this invention is to provide a building of this kind which provides a plane surface to the walls at either or both of their faces, and which enables the walls to be of cavity formation while retaining certain advantages of known panel and stanchion constructions in which lightness and strength are attained by economical disposition of the concrete of the panels. Walls of this form can be easily and quickly erected and dismantled.

In a wall according to this invention the panels are formed with vertical end webs, the vertical end faces of which are vertically grooved; and the stanchions are of .a cross sectional form to seat in the grooves. Horizontal bolts extending in the longitudinal direction of the walls engage the inner faces of the webs o-f adjacent panels, thereby securing together said panels and the included stanchion. The cross sectional width of the stanchions is preferably less than the width of the panels, so that the stanchions are wholly included Within the wall. The stanchions may separate the end faces of the adjacent panels, thus forming vertical grooves included between said end faces and the stanchions; and said grooves are pointed to seal the stanchions within the wall.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. I is an elevation of a panel, partly sectioned.

Fig. II is an end elevation of Fig. I.

Fig. III is a sectional plan of part of a wall.

Fig. IV is a plan of a corner construction.

Fig. V is a plan of a main wall connected to a division wall.

Fig. VI is an elevation of a wall showing various stages of construction.

A wall according to this invention comprises alternate concrete panels 2 and stanchions 3. The panels 2 are constructed with end webs 4, the faces 5 of which are vertically grooved at 6 to receive the stanchions 3. The stanchions are of such cross sectional form as to seat in the grooving and thereby secure the panels in the plane of the wall.

A convenient form of stanchion is one of T section arranged with the T head 'l longitudinally of the wall so that its halves enter the grooves 6 on each side of it. The stem 3 of the T then extends transversely toI the plane of the Wall and separates the end faces 5 of the panels for the purpose hereinafter referred to.

The panels and stanchions are secured together by horizontal bolts 9 which extend longitudinally of the wall through holes lll in the end 5 webs l5 and through corresponding holes l l in the stanchions 3 if the cross section of the latter is such as to permit it, which is preferably the case.

Said bolts may be threaded and tted with nuts l2 as shown in Fig. III, or to facilitate rapid erec- 10 tion, they may be slotted and fitted with taper cotters i3 as shown in Fig. V.

The stanchions preferably separate the end faces 5 of the panels as mentioned above and are also of less width transversely to the wall than 15- the width of the end webs i so as to leave vertical grocving it at the exterior, and preferably also the interior, face of the wall. Such grooving is pointed as indicated by l5, thereby sealing the vertical joints in the Walls and enclosing the 20 stanchions so that they are protected against weathering.

Similar grooving l5 may be formed at the hori- Zontal edges of the panels and pointed to` seal the horizontal joints between the panels.

It is preferred to form the upper ends of the stanchions 3 as bolts Il' which extend through the wall plate i8 and by means of which the Wall plate i8 is firmly secured to the wall.

A form of panel according to the invention, and 30 Vthe one preferably used in the construction of the wall described, is characterized by embodying the features already mentioned: by providing the two plane side faces I9, Zh, and by the presence of a vertical cavity 2l which may be divided by 35 one or more reinforcing ribs such as 22. Such panels can be made of large superficial area so that relatively few units are required to build a wall, whilst being light enough to handling and of considerable rigidity with a small over all width. 40 The fact of the panels having the two plane surfaces !9, 2t and of the stanchions 3 being wholly enclosed within the thickness of the wall, results in a wall which, after the simple pointing l5 and i6 described, presents wholly plane and 45 finished surfaces inside and out.

Fig. VI shows the construction of a corner of the wall. The regular panels 2 meet at their vertical inside edges, leaving a re-entrant angle into which the two terminal stanchions 3 project. 50 This is lled by means of blocks 23 which may be rounded at 23a and are grooved at Se, similarly to the panels, to engage the projecting halves of the T heads l of the stanchions. Included in said blocks 23 are metal blocks 24 hav- 55 ing tapped holes 25. Screw bolts 26 passed through the webs 4 of the adjacent panels are screwed into said holes and so bind the two walls together' through the medium of the blocks 24. In the example shown, said metal blocks are merely l sely supported in open sided horizontal slots in t corner blocks 23. They are inclined to both walls, and engage the angles of the stanchions to form rigid struts between the latter. The joints between the blocks 23 and the panels are pointed as indicated at 65a, in the same way as the joints between the panels.

For joining a division wall A to a main wall B, Fig. V, bolts 25 extend from a convenient stanchion 3 to the main wall and engage the endwebs 4 of the end panels of the division wall. The bolts 25 are conveniently welded to the stem 8. of the stanchion, as shown.

The vertical grooving 6 which is exposed at window and door openings in the wall providesl a convenient means of securing metal window and door frames, by seating their outward flanges Z6 in said grooving as shown at the left hand of Fig. III.

The wall is conveniently erected by preparing a concrete foundation 21, Fig. VI: placing a row of alternate panels and stanchions thereon; and securing them toegther by means of the bolts S. This row is, if desired, secured to the foundation as by means of grouting 28 placed in the panel cavities 2l so that it becomes cemented to the panels and to the foundation. The panels for the second and subsequent rows are lowered into position betwen the stanchions and in turn bolted; the stanchions thus tying the several horizontal rows of panels to one another. The wall plate I8 is placed on the top row of panels and secured to the wall by the stanchion end bolts I1. The vertical and horizontal grooves in both wall faces are nally pointed, as suggested at the right hand end of Figure VI.

We claim:

l. A building comprising a wall consisting of preformed vertical metal stanchions, concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the webs being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of cross-sectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated therein thereby retaining the panels against lateral displacement, and horizontal bolts extending longitudinally to the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions.

2. A building comprising a wall consisting of preformed vertical stanchions, concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the panels being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of a cross-sectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated therein thereby retaining the panels against lateral displacement and further being of less width than the thickness of the panels and lying wholly within the thickness of the wall, and horizontal bolts extending longitudinally of the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions.

3. A building comprising a wall consisting of preformed vertical stanchions7 concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the panels being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of cross-sectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated therein and further being of less Width than the thickness of the panels and lying. Wholly within the thickness of the Wall, and separating the adjacent end faces of the panels to form vertical grooves included between said end faces and the stanchions, pointing in said grooves sealing the stanchions in the walls, and horizontal bolts extending longitudinally of the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions.

4. A building Comprising a Wall consisting of 10 preformed vertical stanchions, hollow concrete panels providing two plane side faces and vertical end webs, the end faces of the webs being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of a cross-sectional form to. seat in said grooves and being 15 seated therein thereby retaining the panels against lateral displacement, and horizontal bolts extending longitudinally to the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels 20 and the included stanchions.

5. A building comprising' a wall consisting of preformed vertical stanchions, hollow concrete panels providing two plane side faces and vertical end webs the end faces of the panels being ver- 25 tically grooved, the stanchions being of a crosssectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated thereinv thereby retaining the panels against lateral displacement and further being of less width than the thickness of the panels and 30 lying wholly within the thickness of the wall, and horizontal bolts extending longitudinally of the wall and bearing on the. inner faces of the webs land thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions. 35

6. A building comprising a wall consisting of preformed vertical stanchions the upper extremities of which are formed as bolt ends, concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the webs being vertically grooved, the 40 stanchions being of a cross-sectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated therein thereby retaining the panels against lateral displacement, horizontal bolts extending longitudinally to the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the Webs 45 and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions, and wall plates positioned above the panels. and engaged by the bolt ends of the stanchions.

'7. A building. comprising a main wall and a 50 division wall' each of said walls consisting of preformed vertical stanchions, concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the webs being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of a cross-sectional form to seat in 55 said grooves and being seated therein, horizontal bolts extending longitudinally to the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions, and bolts 60 extending froma stanchion in the main wall into the division wall and engaging the vertical end webs of the adjacent panels of the division wall.

8. A building comprising two walls meeting. at a corner, each wall consisting of preformed ver- 65 tical stanchions, concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the webs being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of a cross-sectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated therein, horizontal bolts extending longitudinally to the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions, the two walls providing terminal stanchions adjacent to one another and engaged respectively in the vertical grooves of the terminal panels of the respective walls, metal members in the corner between said terminal stanchions, and fastening means extending through the end webs of said terminal panels and engaging the metal members so that the latter tie the two walls.

9. A building comprising two walls meeting at a corner, each wall consisting of preformed Vertical stanchions, concrete panels formed with vertical end webs, the end faces of the webs being vertically grooved, the stanchions being of a cross-sectional form to seat in said grooves and being seated therein, horizontal bolts extending longitudinally to the wall and bearing on the inner faces of the webs and thereby detachably securing together the adjacent panels and the included stanchions, the two walls providing terminal stanchions adjacent to one another and engaged respectively in the vertical grooves of the terminal panels of the respective walls, metal members between and seated on said terminal stanchions so as to form struts therebetween, and fastening means extending through the end webs of said terminal panels and engaging the metal members so that the latter tie the two walls.

l0. A building as claimed in claim 8, including corner blocks positioned between terminal stanchions and enclosing the space therebetween, said blocks having grooving at their inner vertical faces into which the terminal stanchions engage.

and thereby detachably securing together the y adjacent panels and the included stanchions, and grouting in the hollows of the lowest row of panels and securing the latter to the foundation.

12. A concrete building panel of relative small overall width, formed with a vertical cavity, two plane external faces of considerable width and height relatively to the width of the panel, and Vertical end webs, the Vertical end faces being grooved suitably for seating vertical stanchions and having horizontal bolt holes formed substantially at the centre of the width and extending from said end faces to the cavity, so as to accommodate bolts extending through the end webs of contiguous panels and through a stanchion interposed between them,

13. A building panel as claimed in claim l2, the horizontal edging of which is externally grooved suitably to receive pointing.

ROBERT LEGGAT. JOHANNES CORNELIS PIETER LEEMI-IUIS. 

